(b) Single small case series in knee pain A peer-reviewed article (Lee et al., Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine , ~2021) describes: 12 patients with chronic knee pain Treated with intra-articular BPC-157, often combined with TB-500 7 of 12 reported symptom improvement lasting several months This study has major limitations: No control group No blinding No standardized outcomes (no KOOS, WOMAC, or imaging) Very small sample size Mixed interventions Conclusion: This study cannot demonstrate true benefit
Select Administration Route: Choose between subcutaneous injection near the injury site for localized benefits or oral capsules for systemic effects
In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend B12 injections during pregnancy
Intramuscular (IM) Injections: Intramuscular injections deliver B12 directly into muscle tissue, typically in the vastus lateralis (outer thigh) or deltoid (upper arm)
The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders
However, as with any supplement or treatment, there's potential for side effects, especially when B12 is given in very high doses